Patch persistence/turnover

Spatial and temporal landscape heterogeneity determines the structure and functioning of nature, spatial distribution of organisms and long-term population persistence (Johst et al. 2011, Pickett and Rogers 1997, Gravel et al. 2010, Bascompte et al. 2002). Turnover is an important consideration alongside patch quality, area and connectivity (Heinrichs et al. 2015, Fleishman et al. 2002).

Many species are adapted to spatiotemporal heterogeneity, however an increasing speed of change could compromise this (Johst et al. 2011). In landscapes with higher habitat turnover, a greater number and connectivity of patches is required to maintain species populations (Johst et al. 2011). Compensation for patch loss by connectivity and patch creation depends on species characteristics (e.g. dispersal ability) and landscape characteristics (e.g. connectivity and patch turnover) (Johst et al. 2011).